--- title: Indian English, used by millions, has its own patterns, such as "I a… — Tenses: past, present and future · tree and pragmatics description: Indian English, used by millions, has its own patterns, such as "I am knowing him for years", where British and American English say "I have known him for years". Who acts: Indian English, British, o'clock. A sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Tenses: past, present and future](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/) / 17 # Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 17 Indian English, used by millions, has its own patterns, such as "I am knowing him for years", where British and American English say "I have known him for years". **Who acts:** Indian English, British, o'clock · **What happens:** use, have, know, say, pattern · **To what, where:** Indian English, own patterns, pattern, English · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian English, British, o'clock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:17 # text = Indian English, used by millions, has its own patterns, such as "I am knowing him for years", where British and American English say "I have known him for years". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 4 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:agent _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 8 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 10 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 patterns pattern NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ 18 mark _ _ 14 as as ADP IN _ 13 fixed _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 16 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 knowing know VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 acl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:appos 19 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 for for ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 23 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 24 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 29 advmod _ _ 25 British British ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 nsubj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 American American ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:amod 28 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 29 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 ccomp _ _ 30 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ _ 31 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 32 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 29 ccomp _ _ 34 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 37 " " PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 38 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | participle | | Indian English *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **have** | present | Indian English | o'clock's own patterns | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient | | 3 | **know** *in a quote* | present · progressive | British and English *= british* | pattern | | | year | | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | British and English | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **know** *in a quote* | present · perfect | British and English *= british* | English | | | year | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | | 6 | **pattern** | | o'clock | | | | | | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tenses: past, present and future, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/16/) - next →: [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/)