--- title: "I've eaten breakfast" links the past to now (so I'm not hungry); "I… — Tenses: past, present and future · tree and pragmatics description: "I've eaten breakfast" links the past to now (so I'm not hungry); "I ate breakfast at 7" just tells you about a finished time; after "have" you need the special form: gone, eaten, seen, so it is "I have gone", never "I have went". Who acts: I, past, you. A sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, prese --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Tenses: past, present and future](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/) / 2 # Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 2 "I've eaten breakfast" links the past to now (so I'm not hungry); "I ate breakfast at 7" just tells you about a finished time; after "have" you need the special form: gone, eaten, seen, so it is "I have gone", never "I have went". **Who acts:** I, past, you · **What happens:** eat, link, not be, tell, finish, have · **To what, where:** breakfast, past, 7, you, special form · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, past, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:2 # text = "I've eaten breakfast" links the past to now (so I'm not hungry); "I ate breakfast at 7" just tells you about a finished time; after "have" you need the special form: gone, eaten, seen, so it is "I have gone", never "I have went". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 've have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 breakfast breakfast NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nsubj 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct 7 links link VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 7 obl _ _ 12 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 15 'm be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 17 advmod _ _ 17 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 parataxis _ _ 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 21 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 23 breakfast breakfast NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 at at ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 7 7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 obl _ _ 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct 27 just just ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 29 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 iobj _ _ 30 about about ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 finished finish VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 amod _ _ 33 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 57 punct _ _ 35 after after SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 36 " " PUNCT `` _ 37 punct _ _ 37 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 57 advcl _ _ 38 " " PUNCT '' _ 37 punct _ _ 39 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 ccomp _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 42 special special ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 44 : : PUNCT : _ 45 punct _ _ 45 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 43 acl _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 45 conj _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 49 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 45 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=45:advcl 50 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 51 so so ADV RB _ 57 advmod _ _ 52 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 nsubj _ _ 53 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 57 cop _ _ 54 " " PUNCT `` _ 57 punct _ _ 55 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 57 nsubj _ _ 56 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 57 aux _ _ 57 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 22 parataxis _ _ 58 " " PUNCT '' _ 57 punct _ _ 59 , , PUNCT , _ 63 punct _ _ 60 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 63 advmod _ _ 61 " " PUNCT `` _ 63 punct _ _ 62 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 63 nsubj _ _ 63 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 64 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 63 dep _ _ 65 " " PUNCT '' _ 64 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=63:punct 66 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect | I | breakfast | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **link** | present | I *not said here* | the past | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent past=Patient to now=Co-Patient | | 3 | **not** **is** | present | I | | | | | hungry *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | I | breakfast | | 7 | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakfast=Patient | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | I *not said here* | | you | | time | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | | 6 | **finish** | participle | | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 7 | **have** *in a quote* | present | past *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **need** | present | you | the special form | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot form=Theme | | 9 | **go** | participle | | the special form *not said here* | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **eat** | participle | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **see** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 12 | **is** *in a quote* | present · perfect | past | | | | | go *property* | tree rules | | 13 | **not** **have** *in a quote* | present | I | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 14 | **go** *in a quote* | past | | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tenses: past, present and future, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/1/) - next →: [Tenses: past, present and future, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/)