--- title: Most English verbs make the past by adding -ed: jump, jumped; these… — Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mis… · tree and pragmatics description: Most English verbs make the past by adding -ed: jump, jumped; these are regular verbs, but about 200 common ones break the rule: go, went; run, ran; catch, caught; these are irregular. Who acts: Most English verbs, these, 200 common ones, rule. A sentence of the lesson «Irregular verbs: goed, brung --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/) / 0 # Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes, sentence 0 Most English verbs make the past by adding -ed: jump, jumped; these are regular verbs, but about 200 common ones break the rule: go, went; run, ran; catch, caught; these are irregular. **Who acts:** Most English verbs, these, 200 common ones, rule · **What happens:** make, add, jump, be, break, go · **To what, where:** past, ed, regular verbs, rule, run This is a sentence of the lesson «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most English verbs, these, 200 common ones, rule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson:0 # text = Most English verbs make the past by adding -ed: jump, jumped; these are regular verbs, but about 200 common ones break the rule: go, went; run, ran; catch, caught; these are irregular. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 amod _ _ 2 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 verbs verb NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 by by SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 8 adding add VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 advcl _ _ 9 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 10 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 10 ed ed NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 12 jump jump NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 jumped jump VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 19 nsubj _ _ 17 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 18 regular regular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 verbs verb NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 parataxis _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 21 but but CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 22 about about ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 23 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 24 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 break break VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 rule rule NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 : : PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 30 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 acl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 run run NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 36 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:acl 37 ; ; PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 catch catch NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 40 caught catch VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 parataxis _ _ 41 ; ; PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 44 nsubj _ _ 43 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 44 irregular irregular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | Most English verbs | the past | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset past=Product | | 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | Most English verbs *not said here* | ed and jump | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ed=Patient | | 3 | **jump** | past | Most English verbs *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | these | regular verbs | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **break** | present | 200 common ones | the rule | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient | | 6 | **go** | infinitive | the rule *not said here* | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **go** | past | the rule *not said here* | run and catch | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **run** | past | the rule *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **catch** | past | | | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **is** | present | these | | | | | irregular *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tenses: past, present and future, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/17/) - next →: [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/)