--- title: Swim goes swim, swam, swum: "I swam" alone and "I have swum" after h… — Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mis… · tree and pragmatics description: Swim goes swim, swam, swum: "I swam" alone and "I have swum" after have; sing, sang, sung and ring, rang, rung work the same way. Who acts: Swim, British English, I. A sentence of the lesson «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/) / 11 # Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes, sentence 11 Swim goes swim, swam, swum: "I swam" alone and "I have swum" after have; sing, sang, sung and ring, rang, rung work the same way. **Who acts:** Swim, British English, I · **What happens:** go, swim, have, sing · **To what, where:** swum, sing · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swim, British English, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson:11 # text = Swim goes swim, swam, swum: "I swam" alone and "I have swum" after have; sing, sang, sung and ring, rang, rung work the same way. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Swim swim NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 swam swam NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 swum swum NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 10 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 swam swim VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 13 alone alone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 16 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 swum swum NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 20 after after SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 21 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 sing sing NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 sang sang NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 sung sing VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 31 rang ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 rung rung NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl:unmarked _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | present | Swim | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **swim** | present | | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **swim** *in a quote* | past | British English *= english* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | I | swum | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swum=Patient | | 5 | **have** | present | | sing and sang | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sing=Patient | | 6 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle | | sing and sang *not said here* | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/10/) - next →: [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/)