---
title: The change is what you paid minus what the things cost. — The change from a payment · tree and pragmatics
description: The change is what you paid minus what the things cost. Who acts: change, you, things. A sentence of the lesson «The change from a payment» of the lessons course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The change from a payment, sentence 1

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The change is what you paid minus what the things cost.

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**Who acts:** change, you, things · **What happens:** be, pay, cost

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The change from a payment» of the lessons course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (change, you, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:lessons:093-change.lesson:1
# text = The change is what you paid minus what the things cost.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = lessons
# lesson = 093-change.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	minus	minus	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:det
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:compound
11	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the change |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cost** | present | the things |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:lessons:093-change.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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