---
title: X-rays pass through skin and muscle but are stopped by bone, so bone… — Snap! Breaking a bone · tree and pragmatics
description: X-rays pass through skin and muscle but are stopped by bone, so bones show white and a crack shows as a dark line. Who acts: X rays, bone, bones, crack. A sentence of the lesson «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Snap! Breaking a bone, sentence 8

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X-rays pass through skin and muscle but are stopped by bone, so bones show white and a crack shows as a dark line.

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**Who acts:** X rays, bone, bones, crack · **What happens:** pass, stop, show · **To what, where:** skin, white

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (X rays, bone, bones, crack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:medicine:001-snap-breaking-a-bone.lesson:8
# text = X-rays pass through skin and muscle but are stopped by bone, so bones show white and a crack shows as a dark line.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = medicine
# lesson = 001-snap-breaking-a-bone.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	_
3	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:agent	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	obj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:xcomp
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | X rays |  |  | skin and muscle |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through skin=Location |
| 2 | **stop** | present · passive | bone |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **show** | present | bones | white |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent white=Recipient |
| 4 | **show** | present | a crack |  |  |  |  | as a dark line | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:001-snap-breaking-a-bone.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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