---
title: A pandemic is a new disease spreading across many countries because… — COVID and staying home · tree and pragmatics
description: A pandemic is a new disease spreading across many countries because nobody has immunity yet. Who acts: pandemic, new disease, nobody. A sentence of the lesson «COVID and staying home» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# COVID and staying home, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pandemic is a new disease spreading across many countries because nobody has immunity yet.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pandemic, new disease, nobody · **What happens:** be, spread, have · **To what, where:** new disease, many countries, immunity

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This is a sentence of the lesson «COVID and staying home» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pandemic, new disease, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:medicine:012-covid-and-staying-home.lesson:12
# text = A pandemic is a new disease spreading across many countries because nobody has immunity yet.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = medicine
# lesson = 012-covid-and-staying-home.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	acl	_	_
8	across	across	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	13	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
14	immunity	immunity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pandemic | a new disease |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | gerund | a new disease *not said here* |  |  | many countries |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across country=Destination |
| 3 | **have** | present | nobody | immunity |  |  | yet |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent immunity=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:012-covid-and-staying-home.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [COVID and staying home, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/12-covid-and-staying-home/11/)
- next →: [COVID and staying home, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/12-covid-and-staying-home/14/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/12-covid-and-staying-home/)