--- title: Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria or stop them growing, b… — Antibiotics, viruses and side effects · tree and pragmatics description: Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria or stop them growing, but they cannot touch a virus, so they do nothing for a cold, flu or most sore throats. Who acts: Antibiotics, medicines, viruses. A sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effects» of the medicine course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/) / 1 # Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, sentence 1 Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria or stop them growing, but they cannot touch a virus, so they do nothing for a cold, flu or most sore throats. **Who acts:** Antibiotics, medicines, viruses · **What happens:** be, kill, stop, grow, not touch, do · **To what, where:** medicines, bacteria, virus, nothing This is a sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effects» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antibiotics, medicines, viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:1 # text = Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria or stop them growing, but they cannot touch a virus, so they do nothing for a cold, flu or most sore throats. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 medicines medicine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 kill kill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 bacteria bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 or or CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 9 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 growing grow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 xcomp _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 12 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 14 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 15 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 16 advmod _ _ 16 touch touch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 virus virus NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 so so ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 23 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 22 obj _ _ 24 for for ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:det 26 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 28 flu flu NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:nmod 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 32 amod _ _ 31 sore sore ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 throats throat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Antibiotics | medicines | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **kill** | present | medicines | bacteria | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme | | 3 | **stop** | present | medicines *not said here* | bacteria | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **grow** | gerund | medicines *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **not** **touch** | can | Antibiotics *= antibiotic* | a virus | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme virus=Co-Theme | | 6 | **do** | present | viruses *= virus* | nothing | | | | a cold and flu or most sore throats *obl* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/0/) - next →: [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/)