--- title: Every time antibiotics are used, the few bacteria that happen to sur… — Antibiotics, viruses and side effects · tree and pragmatics description: Every time antibiotics are used, the few bacteria that happen to survive can multiply, so careless use breeds germs the medicine no longer kills; this is called antibiotic resistance. Who acts: time, few bacteria, careless use, medicine. A sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effect --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/) / 3 # Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, sentence 3 Every time antibiotics are used, the few bacteria that happen to survive can multiply, so careless use breeds germs the medicine no longer kills; this is called antibiotic resistance. **Who acts:** time, few bacteria, careless use, medicine · **What happens:** use, happen, survive, multiply, breed, kill · **To what, where:** antibiotics, germs, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effects» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, few bacteria, careless use, medicine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:3 # text = Every time antibiotics are used, the few bacteria that happen to survive can multiply, so careless use breeds germs the medicine no longer kills; this is called antibiotic resistance. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Every every DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:obl:unmarked 3 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:advcl 6 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 bacteria bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 10 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 happen happen VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 survive survive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 14 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 multiply multiply VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 17 so so ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 18 careless careless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 use use NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 breeds breed VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 21 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 24 no no ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 26 advmod _ _ 26 kills kill VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 28 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 30 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 parataxis _ _ 31 antibiotic antibiotic NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 resistance resistance NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 xcomp _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present · passive | every time *not said here* | antibiotics | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **happen** | present | the few bacteria | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **survive** | to-infinitive | the few bacteria *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **multiply** | can | the few bacteria | | | | time | | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **breed** | present | careless use | germs | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **kill** | present | the medicine | germs *not said here* | | | | long *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme | | 7 | **call** | present · passive | | this | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/2/) - next →: [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/)