--- title: Colds, flu and most coughs and sore throats are caused by viruses, s… — Antibiotics, viruses and side effects · tree and pragmatics description: Colds, flu and most coughs and sore throats are caused by viruses, so antibiotics do not help them get better faster. Who acts: viruses, antibiotics. A sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effects» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/) / 6 # Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, sentence 6 Colds, flu and most coughs and sore throats are caused by viruses, so antibiotics do not help them get better faster. **Who acts:** viruses, antibiotics · **What happens:** cause, not help, get · **To what, where:** Colds, viruses This is a sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effects» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (viruses, antibiotics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:6 # text = Colds, flu and most coughs and sore throats are caused by viruses, so antibiotics do not help them get better faster. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Colds cold NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 flu flu NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 5 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 6 coughs cough NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 sore sore ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 throats throat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 12 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 16 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 17 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 19 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 xcomp _ _ 22 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 xcomp _ _ 23 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 21 advmod _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cause** | present · passive | viruses | Colds and flu and most coughs and sore throats | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 2 | **not** **help** | present · do-support | antibiotics | viruses *= virus* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 3 | **get** *not said to happen* | infinitive | viruses *= virus* *not said here* | | | | | fast, good *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/5/) - next →: [Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/)