--- title: Many UK shops already refuse to sell energy drinks to under-16s, and… — Sunshine, vitamin D and water · tree and pragmatics description: Many UK shops already refuse to sell energy drinks to under-16s, and a legal ban on such sales in England was announced in 2025. Who acts: Many UK shops. A sentence of the lesson «Sunshine, vitamin D and water» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/23-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Sunshine, vitamin D and water](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/23-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water/) / 14 # Sunshine, vitamin D and water, sentence 14 Many UK shops already refuse to sell energy drinks to under-16s, and a legal ban on such sales in England was announced in 2025. **Who acts:** Many UK shops · **What happens:** refuse, not sell, announce · **To what, where:** energy drinks, 16s, legal ban, 2025 This is a sentence of the lesson «Sunshine, vitamin D and water» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many UK shops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:023-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water.lesson:14 # text = Many UK shops already refuse to sell energy drinks to under-16s, and a legal ban on such sales in England was announced in 2025. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 023-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 shops shop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 already already ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 refuse refuse VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 sell sell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 8 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 drinks drink NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 under under ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 11 punct _ _ 13 16s 16 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 legal legal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 ban ban NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 on on ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 sales sale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nmod _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 announced announce VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 2025 2025 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 obl _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **refuse** | present | Many UK shops | | | | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **not** **sell** | to-infinitive | Many UK shops *not said here* | energy drinks | 16s | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent drink=Theme to 16=Recipient | | 3 | **announce** *speech: other* | past · passive | | a legal ban on such sales in England | | 2025 | | | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:023-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sunshine, vitamin D and water, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/23-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water/13/) - next →: [Sunshine, vitamin D and water, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/23-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/23-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water/)