--- title: A vaccine trains the immune system with a killed, weakened or partia… — Vaccinations and why · tree and pragmatics description: A vaccine trains the immune system with a killed, weakened or partial version of a germ, or instructions to make a harmless piece of it, so the body fights the real germ quickly later; without a vaccine, the body needs days to learn to fight a new germ, so you can get properly ill first. Who acts: v --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Vaccinations and why](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/) / 5 # Vaccinations and why, sentence 5 A vaccine trains the immune system with a killed, weakened or partial version of a germ, or instructions to make a harmless piece of it, so the body fights the real germ quickly later; without a vaccine, the body needs days to learn to fight a new germ, so you can get properly ill first. **Who acts:** vaccine, body, you · **What happens:** train, kill, weaken, make, fight, need · **To what, where:** immune system, harmless piece, real germ, new germ This is a sentence of the lesson «Vaccinations and why» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, body, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson:5 # text = A vaccine trains the immune system with a killed, weakened or partial version of a germ, or instructions to make a harmless piece of it, so the body fights the real germ quickly later; without a vaccine, the body needs days to learn to fight a new germ, so you can get properly ill first. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 trains train VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 immune immune NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 system system NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 9 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 amod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 weakened weaken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 12 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 partial partial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 conj _ _ 14 version version NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 or or CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 instructions instruction NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obj 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 acl _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 so so ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 fights fight VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 36 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 32 advmod _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 39 without without ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ _ 45 needs need VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 46 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obj _ _ 47 to to PART TO _ 48 mark _ _ 48 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 xcomp _ _ 49 to to PART TO _ 50 mark _ _ 50 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 xcomp _ _ 51 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 52 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 53 amod _ _ 53 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obj _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 55 so so ADV RB _ 58 advmod _ _ 56 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj _ _ 57 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 58 aux _ _ 58 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 conj _ _ 59 properly properly ADV RB _ 60 advmod _ _ 60 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 58 xcomp _ _ 61 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 58 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=60:advmod 62 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **train** | present | a vaccine | the immune system | | | | with a killed version of a germ or instructions | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Theme | | 2 | **kill** | participle | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **weaken** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | a vaccine *not said here* | a harmless piece of germ | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset piece=Product | | 5 | **fight** | present | the body | the real germ | | | | late *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent | | 6 | **need** | present | the body | | | | day | without a vaccine | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 7 | **learn** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the body *not said here* | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the body *not said here* | a new germ | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent | | 9 | **get** | can | you | | | | | first, ill *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vaccinations and why, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/4/) - next →: [Vaccinations and why, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/)