--- title: Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known and can cause p… — Vaccinations and why · tree and pragmatics description: Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known and can cause pneumonia and brain swelling, and it spreads again wherever fewer people are vaccinated; there have been outbreaks in England, Europe and the USA in recent years. Who acts: Measles, disease. A sentence of the lesson «Vaccinations and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Vaccinations and why](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/) / 9 # Vaccinations and why, sentence 9 Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known and can cause pneumonia and brain swelling, and it spreads again wherever fewer people are vaccinated; there have been outbreaks in England, Europe and the USA in recent years. **Who acts:** Measles, disease · **What happens:** be, know, cause, spread, vaccinate · **To what, where:** one, infectious diseases, pneumonia, fewer people, outbreaks, England This is a sentence of the lesson «Vaccinations and why» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Measles, disease), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson:9 # text = Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known and can cause pneumonia and brain swelling, and it spreads again wherever fewer people are vaccinated; there have been outbreaks in England, Europe and the USA in recent years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Measles measles NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 infectious infectious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 9 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 cause cause VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 13 pneumonia pneumonia NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 swelling swelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 21 again again ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 wherever wherever ADV WRB PronType=Int 26 advmod _ _ 23 fewer few ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 amod _ _ 24 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 vaccinated vaccinate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 advcl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 28 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 30 expl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:expl 29 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:aux 30 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 31 cop _ _ 31 outbreaks outbreak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 conj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 USA USA PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 conj _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 recent recent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:nmod 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Measles | one | | | | of the infectious diseases | tree rules | | 2 | **know** | participle | | the infectious diseases *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **cause** | can | | pneumonia and brain swelling | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pneumonia=Patient | | 4 | **spread** | present | disease | | | | again | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **vaccinate** | present · passive | | fewer people | | | | wherever *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is a** | participle | | outbreaks | | England and Europe and the USA | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vaccinations and why, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/8/) - next →: [Vaccinations and why, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/)