--- title: A sprain is a joint injury: the ligaments, strong straps that hold b… — Sprains, strains and bruises · tree and pragmatics description: A sprain is a joint injury: the ligaments, strong straps that hold bones together, get stretched or torn a little, like when you twist your ankle in football. Who acts: sprain, strong straps, you. A sentence of the lesson «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Sprains, strains and bruises](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/) / 0 # Sprains, strains and bruises, sentence 0 A sprain is a joint injury: the ligaments, strong straps that hold bones together, get stretched or torn a little, like when you twist your ankle in football. **Who acts:** sprain, strong straps, you · **What happens:** be, hold, stretch, tear, twist · **To what, where:** joint injury, bones, ligaments, little, ankle, football This is a sentence of the lesson «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sprain, strong straps, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson:0 # text = A sprain is a joint injury: the ligaments, strong straps that hold bones together, get stretched or torn a little, like when you twist your ankle in football. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 sprain sprain NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 joint joint ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 injury injury NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 ligaments ligament NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 straps strap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 14 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 15 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 16 together together ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 get get AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:aux:pass|HaikuPos=AUX:VB:VerbForm=Inf 19 stretched stretch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl:relcl _ _ 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 torn tear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 conj _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 like like SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 26 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 28 advmod _ _ 27 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 twist twist VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=21:conj 29 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 ankle ankle NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 football football NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a sprain | a joint injury and the ligaments and strong straps | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **hold** | present | strong straps | bones | | | | together *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme | | 3 | **stretch** | present · passive | | the ligaments and strong straps *not said here* | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V» | | 4 | **tear** | participle | | a little | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **twist** | present | you | your ankle | | football | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ankle=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The cast: itching, signing and the saw, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/2-the-cast-itching-signing-and-the-saw/18/) - next →: [Sprains, strains and bruises, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/)