---
title: A black eye spreads easily because the skin round the eye is thin an… — Sprains, strains and bruises · tree and pragmatics
description: A black eye spreads easily because the skin round the eye is thin and loose; a raw steak is a film joke, not a treatment. Who acts: black eye, skin, raw steak. A sentence of the lesson «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Sprains, strains and bruises, sentence 12

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A black eye spreads easily because the skin round the eye is thin and loose; a raw steak is a film joke, not a treatment.

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**Who acts:** black eye, skin, raw steak · **What happens:** spread, be · **To what, where:** film joke

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (black eye, skin, raw steak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:medicine:003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson:12
# text = A black eye spreads easily because the skin round the eye is thin and loose; a raw steak is a film joke, not a treatment.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = medicine
# lesson = 003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	round	round	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc
15	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	steak	steak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	parataxis	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | a black eye |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the skin round the eye |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the skin round the eye *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | a raw steak | a film joke |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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