--- title: A bruise is blood leaking from tiny broken vessels under the skin, a… — Sprains, strains and bruises · tree and pragmatics description: A bruise is blood leaking from tiny broken vessels under the skin, and it changes colour, purple, blue, green, yellow, as the body cleans it up. Who acts: bruise, body. A sentence of the lesson «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Sprains, strains and bruises](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/) / 2 # Sprains, strains and bruises, sentence 2 A bruise is blood leaking from tiny broken vessels under the skin, and it changes colour, purple, blue, green, yellow, as the body cleans it up. **Who acts:** bruise, body · **What happens:** leak, break, change, clean up · **To what, where:** tiny broken vessels, colour This is a sentence of the lesson «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bruise, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson:2 # text = A bruise is blood leaking from tiny broken vessels under the skin, and it changes colour, purple, blue, green, yellow, as the body cleans it up. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 bruise bruise NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 leaking leak VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 9 vessels vessel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 10 under under ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 17 colour colour NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 purple purple ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 green green ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 yellow yellow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 as as SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 cleans clean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:advcl 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 up up ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **leak** | present · progressive | a bruise | | | tiny broken vessels under the skin | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from vessel=Source | | 2 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **change** | present | bruise | colour | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient | | 4 | **clean up** | present | the body | colour | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sprains, strains and bruises, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/1/) - next →: [Sprains, strains and bruises, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/)