--- title: Germs are tiny living things, bacteria, viruses and fungi, far too s… — Germs, the immune system and hand-washing · tree and pragmatics description: Germs are tiny living things, bacteria, viruses and fungi, far too small to see without a microscope; most bacteria are harmless or even helpful, and only some make us ill. Who acts: Germs, most bacteria, some. A sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine cour --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/) / 0 # Germs, the immune system and hand-washing, sentence 0 Germs are tiny living things, bacteria, viruses and fungi, far too small to see without a microscope; most bacteria are harmless or even helpful, and only some make us ill. **Who acts:** Germs, most bacteria, some · **What happens:** be, see, make · **To what, where:** tiny living things, us This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Germs, most bacteria, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:0 # text = Germs are tiny living things, bacteria, viruses and fungi, far too small to see without a microscope; most bacteria are harmless or even helpful, and only some make us ill. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 living living ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 bacteria bacteria NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 fungi fungus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 15 advmod _ _ 14 too too ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 16 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 17 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:csubj 18 without without ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 microscope microscope NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 23 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 23 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 24 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 26 or or CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 even even ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 helpful helpful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 only only ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 32 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 33 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=33:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Ind 33 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 34 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 xcomp _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Germs | tiny living things and bacteria and viruses and fungi | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Germs *not said here* | | | | | far *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | Germs *not said here* | | | | | without a microscope | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **is** | present | most bacteria | | | | | harmless *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **be** | | most bacteria *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **make** | present | some | us | | | | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset we=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vaccinations and why, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/18/) - next →: [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/)