--- title: In the 1840s Ignaz Semmelweis showed that doctors washing their hand… — Germs, the immune system and hand-washing · tree and pragmatics description: In the 1840s Ignaz Semmelweis showed that doctors washing their hands saved mothers' lives, and in the 1860s to 1880s Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch proved that germs cause disease. Who acts: Ignaz, doctors, Louis, germs. A sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the med --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/) / 15 # Germs, the immune system and hand-washing, sentence 15 In the 1840s Ignaz Semmelweis showed that doctors washing their hands saved mothers' lives, and in the 1860s to 1880s Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch proved that germs cause disease. **Who acts:** Ignaz, doctors, Louis, germs · **What happens:** show, wash, save, prove, cause · **To what, where:** 1840s, hands, lives, 1860s, disease · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ignaz, doctors, Louis, germs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:15 # text = In the 1840s Ignaz Semmelweis showed that doctors washing their hands saved mothers' lives, and in the 1860s to 1880s Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch proved that germs cause disease. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×9, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 1840s 1840 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 6 obl _ _ 4 Ignaz Ignaz PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 5 Semmelweis Semmelweis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 flat _ _ 6 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 that that SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:mark 8 doctors doctor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nsubj 9 washing wash VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advcl 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 saved save VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:xcomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 mothers mother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod:poss _ _ 14 ' 's PART POS _ 13 case _ _ 15 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:obj 16 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 1860s 1860 NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:nsubj 21 to to ADP IN _ 22 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:mark|HaikuPos=PART:TO:_ 22 1880s 1880 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 20 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:conj 23 Louis Louis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 24 Pasteur Pasteur PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 flat _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 Robert Robert PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 27 Koch Koch PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 flat _ _ 28 proved prove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 29 that that SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:mark 30 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:obj 31 cause cause VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:case|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 32 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:nmod 33 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | past | Ignaz | | | the 1840s | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **wash** | gerund | doctors *not said here* | doctors's hands | | | | | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | | 3 | **save** | past | doctors | mothers's lives | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | | 4 | **prove** | past | Louis and Robert | | | the 1860s to 1880s | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **cause** | present | germs | disease | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×9, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/14/) - next →: [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/)