--- title: Two hundred years ago doctors thought illness came from bad air; the… — Germs, the immune system and hand-washing · tree and pragmatics description: Two hundred years ago doctors thought illness came from bad air; then Semmelweis made doctors wash their hands and fewer mothers died, and Pasteur and Koch proved that germs cause disease. Who acts: doctors, illness, Semmelweis, fewer mothers. A sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and h --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/) / 3 # Germs, the immune system and hand-washing, sentence 3 Two hundred years ago doctors thought illness came from bad air; then Semmelweis made doctors wash their hands and fewer mothers died, and Pasteur and Koch proved that germs cause disease. **Who acts:** doctors, illness, Semmelweis, fewer mothers, Pasteur, germs · **What happens:** think, come, make, wash, die, prove · **To what, where:** bad air, hands, disease · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doctors, illness, Semmelweis, fewer mothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:3 # text = Two hundred years ago doctors thought illness came from bad air; then Semmelweis made doctors wash their hands and fewer mothers died, and Pasteur and Koch proved that germs cause disease. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 compound _ _ 2 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl:unmarked 4 ago ago ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advmod 5 doctors doctor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 illness illness NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 15 advmod _ _ 14 Semmelweis Semmelweis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 16 doctors doctor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 wash wash VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 fewer few ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 22 amod _ _ 22 mothers mother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 Pasteur Pasteur PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 Koch Koch PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 conj _ _ 29 proved prove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 30 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 31 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 cause cause VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 ccomp _ _ 33 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | doctors | | | | | ago *property* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **come** | past | illness | | | bad air | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from air=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **make** | past | Semmelweis | | | | then | | tree rules | | 4 | **wash** | infinitive | doctors | doctors's hands | | | | | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | | 5 | **die** | past | fewer mothers | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 6 | **prove** | past | Pasteur and Koch | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 7 | **cause** | present | germs | disease | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/2/) - next →: [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/)