--- title: A graze scrapes off the top layer of skin, and dirt left in it can c… — Cuts, grazes, stitches and splinters · tree and pragmatics description: A graze scrapes off the top layer of skin, and dirt left in it can cause an infection. Who acts: graze, dirt. A sentence of the lesson «Cuts, grazes, stitches and splinters» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/4-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Cuts, grazes, stitches and splinters](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/4-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters/) / 5 # Cuts, grazes, stitches and splinters, sentence 5 A graze scrapes off the top layer of skin, and dirt left in it can cause an infection. **Who acts:** graze, dirt · **What happens:** scrape off, leave, cause · **To what, where:** top layer, dirt, skin, infection This is a sentence of the lesson «Cuts, grazes, stitches and splinters» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (graze, dirt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:004-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters.lesson:5 # text = A graze scrapes off the top layer of skin, and dirt left in it can cause an infection. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 004-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 graze graze NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 scrapes scrape VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 off off ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 top top ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 12 dirt dirt NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 13 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 acl _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ _ 16 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 cause cause VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 18 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 infection infection NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **scrape off** | present | a graze | the top layer of skin | | | | | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **leave** | participle | | dirt *not said here* | | skin | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in it=Result | | 3 | **cause** | can | dirt | a infection | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition infection=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:004-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cuts, grazes, stitches and splinters, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/4-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters/4/) - next →: [Cuts, grazes, stitches and splinters, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/4-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/4-cuts-grazes-stitches-and-splinters/)