--- title: A bike helmet's foam crushes in a crash so the brain is shaken less;… — Swimming and cycling · tree and pragmatics description: A bike helmet's foam crushes in a crash so the brain is shaken less; it should sit level, about two fingers above the eyebrows, buckled snugly, and be replaced after a big crash. Who acts: foam, brain. A sentence of the lesson «Swimming and cycling» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/42-swimming-and-cycling/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Swimming and cycling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/42-swimming-and-cycling/) / 15 # Swimming and cycling, sentence 15 A bike helmet's foam crushes in a crash so the brain is shaken less; it should sit level, about two fingers above the eyebrows, buckled snugly, and be replaced after a big crash. **Who acts:** foam, brain · **What happens:** crush, shake, sit, buckle, replace · **To what, where:** crash, brain, level, eyebrows This is a sentence of the lesson «Swimming and cycling» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foam, brain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:042-swimming-and-cycling.lesson:15 # text = A bike helmet's foam crushes in a crash so the brain is shaken less; it should sit level, about two fingers above the eyebrows, buckled snugly, and be replaced after a big crash. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 042-swimming-and-cycling.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 bike bike NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 helmet helmet NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod:poss _ _ 4 's 's PART POS _ 3 case _ _ 5 foam foam NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 crushes crush VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 crash crash NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 so so SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 shaken shake VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 15 less less ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 14 advmod _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 sit sit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 parataxis _ _ 20 level level NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 about about ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 fingers finger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ _ 25 above above ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 eyebrows eyebrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 buckled buckle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 acl _ _ 30 snugly snugly ADV RB Degree=Pos 29 advmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 replaced replace VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 conj _ _ 35 after after ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 crash crash NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **crush** | present | a bike helmet's foam | | | a crash | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **shake** | present · passive | | the brain | | | | less *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **sit** | should | brain | level | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location level=Theme | | 4 | **buckle** | participle | | the eyebrows *not said here* | | | | snugly *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **replace** | infinitive · passive | brain *not said here* | | | | after a big crash | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:042-swimming-and-cycling.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Swimming and cycling, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/42-swimming-and-cycling/14/) - next →: [Swimming and cycling, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/42-swimming-and-cycling/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/42-swimming-and-cycling/)