---
title: The Paralympic movement began with the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games,… — The Olympics and Paralympics · tree and pragmatics
description: The Paralympic movement began with the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games, and the first Paralympics were in Rome in 1960. Who acts: Paralympic movement, first Paralympics. A sentence of the lesson «The Olympics and Paralympics» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/10/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [The Olympics and Paralympics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/) / 10

# The Olympics and Paralympics, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Paralympic movement began with the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games, and the first Paralympics were in Rome in 1960.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Paralympic movement, first Paralympics · **What happens:** begin, be · **To what, where:** 1960, Rome

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Olympics and Paralympics» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paralympic movement, first Paralympics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:medicine:062-the-olympics-and-paralympics.lesson:10
# text = The Paralympic movement began with the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games, and the first Paralympics were in Rome in 1960.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = medicine
# lesson = 062-the-olympics-and-paralympics.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Paralympic	Paralympic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	1948	1948	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
8	Stoke	Stoke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	Mandeville	Mandeville	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	Games	game	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	amod	_	_
15	Paralympics	paralympic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:obl
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Paralympic movement |  |  | 1960 |  | with the 1948 Stoke Games | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with game=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **is** | past | the first Paralympics |  |  | Rome |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:062-the-olympics-and-paralympics.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The Olympics and Paralympics, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/9/)
- next →: [The Olympics and Paralympics, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/12/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/)