--- title: The Paralympic movement grew from the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games in… — The Olympics and Paralympics · tree and pragmatics description: The Paralympic movement grew from the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games in England, started by Dr Ludwig Guttmann for injured Second World War servicemen; the first Paralympics were in Rome in 1960. Who acts: Paralympic movement, first Paralympics. A sentence of the lesson «The Olympics and Paralympics» o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [The Olympics and Paralympics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/) / 2 # The Olympics and Paralympics, sentence 2 The Paralympic movement grew from the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games in England, started by Dr Ludwig Guttmann for injured Second World War servicemen; the first Paralympics were in Rome in 1960. **Who acts:** Paralympic movement, first Paralympics · **What happens:** grow, start, injure, be · **To what, where:** 1948 Stoke Games, Rome This is a sentence of the lesson «The Olympics and Paralympics» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paralympic movement, first Paralympics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:062-the-olympics-and-paralympics.lesson:2 # text = The Paralympic movement grew from the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games in England, started by Dr Ludwig Guttmann for injured Second World War servicemen; the first Paralympics were in Rome in 1960. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 062-the-olympics-and-paralympics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Paralympic Paralympic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 3 movement movement NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 7 1948 1948 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 8 Stoke Stoke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 9 Mandeville Mandeville PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 flat _ _ 10 Games game PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 4 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 started start VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 15 by by ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 Dr Dr PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod:desc _ _ 17 Ludwig Ludwig PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obl:agent _ _ 18 Guttmann Guttmann PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 flat _ _ 19 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 20 injured injure VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 amod _ _ 21 Second Second ADJ NNP Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 23 amod _ _ 22 World World PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 War War PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 servicemen serviceman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 28 amod _ _ 28 Paralympics paralympic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 29 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 Rome Rome PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 1960 1960 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | past | the Paralympic movement | | | | | from the 1948 Stoke Games in England | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from game=Patient | | 2 | **start** | participle | | the 1948 Stoke Games in England *not said here* | | | | for injured War servicemen | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 3 | **injure** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | past | the first Paralympics | | | Rome | | in 1960 | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:062-the-olympics-and-paralympics.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Olympics and Paralympics, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/1/) - next →: [The Olympics and Paralympics, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/62-the-olympics-and-paralympics/)