---
title: Flu spreads by droplets from coughs and sneezes and on hands and sur… — Colds and flu · tree and pragmatics
description: Flu spreads by droplets from coughs and sneezes and on hands and surfaces, and older people and babies can get very ill from it. Who acts: Flu, older people. A sentence of the lesson «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Colds and flu, sentence 11

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Flu spreads by droplets from coughs and sneezes and on hands and surfaces, and older people and babies can get very ill from it.

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**Who acts:** Flu, older people · **What happens:** spread, get

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flu, older people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:medicine:007-colds-and-flu.lesson:11
# text = Flu spreads by droplets from coughs and sneezes and on hands and surfaces, and older people and babies can get very ill from it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = medicine
# lesson = 007-colds-and-flu.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	droplets	droplet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	coughs	cough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sneezes	sneeze	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	surfaces	surface	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
16	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Flu |  |  |  |  | by droplets from coughs and sneezes and hands and surfaces | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by droplet=Location |
| 2 | **get** | can | older people and babies |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:007-colds-and-flu.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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