--- title: Flu is caused by influenza viruses and is much worse than a cold: it… — Colds and flu · tree and pragmatics description: Flu is caused by influenza viruses and is much worse than a cold: it comes on suddenly, with high fever and aching all over, as if you'd been hit by a bus. Who acts: influenza viruses, cold. A sentence of the lesson «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Colds and flu](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/) / 3 # Colds and flu, sentence 3 Flu is caused by influenza viruses and is much worse than a cold: it comes on suddenly, with high fever and aching all over, as if you'd been hit by a bus. **Who acts:** influenza viruses, cold · **What happens:** cause, be, come on, ache, hit · **To what, where:** Flu, you This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (influenza viruses, cold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:007-colds-and-flu.lesson:3 # text = Flu is caused by influenza viruses and is much worse than a cold: it comes on suddenly, with high fever and aching all over, as if you'd been hit by a bus. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 007-colds-and-flu.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Flu flu NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 influenza influenza NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 much much ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 worse bad ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 conj _ _ 11 than than ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:obl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 17 on on ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 18 suddenly suddenly ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 fever fever NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 aching ache VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 25 all all ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 over over ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 28 as as SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 29 if if SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 30 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 31 'd have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=33:aux|HaikuPos=AUX:MD:VerbForm=Fin 32 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 hit hit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 34 by by ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 bus bus NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cause** | present · passive | influenza viruses | Flu | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 2 | **is** | present | influenza viruses *not said here* | | | | | than a cold; bad *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **come on** | present | cold | | | | | with high fever; suddenly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **ache** | gerund | influenza viruses *not said here* | | | | | over *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **hit** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect · passive | | you | | | | by a bus | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme by bus=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:007-colds-and-flu.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Colds and flu, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/2/) - next →: [Colds and flu, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/)