---
title: Antibiotics do not work on colds, because colds are caused by viruse… — Colds and flu · tree and pragmatics
description: Antibiotics do not work on colds, because colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria. Who acts: Antibiotics, viruses. A sentence of the lesson «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Colds and flu, sentence 6

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Antibiotics do not work on colds, because colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria.

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**Who acts:** Antibiotics, viruses · **What happens:** not work, cause · **To what, where:** colds

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antibiotics, viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:medicine:007-colds-and-flu.lesson:6
# text = Antibiotics do not work on colds, because colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = medicine
# lesson = 007-colds-and-flu.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:agent	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **work** | present · do-support | Antibiotics |  |  |  |  | on colds | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on cold=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** | present · passive | viruses and bacteria | colds |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:007-colds-and-flu.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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