--- title: Helmet foam is made to crush once, so after a crash you get a new on… — Bike helmets and roads · tree and pragmatics description: Helmet foam is made to crush once, so after a crash you get a new one even if it looks fine; a bad head injury can change a life for good, and some children are killed on bikes every year on UK roads. Who acts: Helmet foam, you, foam, bad head injury. A sentence of the lesson «Bike helmets and roads --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Bike helmets and roads](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/) / 2 # Bike helmets and roads, sentence 2 Helmet foam is made to crush once, so after a crash you get a new one even if it looks fine; a bad head injury can change a life for good, and some children are killed on bikes every year on UK roads. **Who acts:** Helmet foam, you, foam, bad head injury · **What happens:** make, crush, get, look, change, kill · **To what, where:** Helmet foam, new one, life, children, bikes This is a sentence of the lesson «Bike helmets and roads» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helmet foam, you, foam, bad head injury), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:072-bike-helmets-and-roads.lesson:2 # text = Helmet foam is made to crush once, so after a crash you get a new one even if it looks fine; a bad head injury can change a life for good, and some children are killed on bikes every year on UK roads. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 072-bike-helmets-and-roads.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Helmet helmet NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 foam foam NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 crush crush VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 xcomp _ _ 7 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 6 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 9 so so ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 10 after after ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 crash crash NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 13 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 get get VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 18 even even ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 19 if if SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 22 fine fine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 xcomp _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 25 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 injury injury NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 28 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 for for ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 36 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 37 det _ _ 37 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj:pass _ _ 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux:pass _ _ 39 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj 40 on on ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 bikes bike NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 42 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 43 det _ _ 43 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl:unmarked _ _ 44 on on ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 compound _ _ 46 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=43:nmod 47 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | Helmet foam | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **crush** | to-infinitive | Helmet foam *not said here* | | | | | once *property* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **get** | present | you | a new one | | | after a crash | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | | 4 | **look** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | foam | | | | | fine *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **change** | can | a bad head injury | a life | | | | for good | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent life=Theme for good=Co-Theme | | 6 | **kill** | present · passive | | some children | | bikes | year | on UK roads | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:072-bike-helmets-and-roads.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bike helmets and roads, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/1/) - next →: [Bike helmets and roads, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/)