--- title: Saying no is easy to learn: Sophie, dared to lie in the road, grins… — Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and… · tree and pragmatics description: Saying no is easy to learn: Sophie, dared to lie in the road, grins «Nah, not for me, I'm off for chips, who's coming?», a quick no, a reason, and walking away, and often others follow; and if a friend plans something deadly, telling an adult is not snitching, it can save a life. Who acts: Saying, S --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, rai…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/) / 3 # Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no, sentence 3 Saying no is easy to learn: Sophie, dared to lie in the road, grins «Nah, not for me, I'm off for chips, who's coming?», a quick no, a reason, and walking away, and often others follow; and if a friend plans something deadly, telling an adult is not snitching, it can save a life. **Who acts:** Saying, Sophie, I, quick reason, others, friend · **What happens:** say, be, learn, dare, lie, grin · **To what, where:** no, road, Nah, something, life · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saying, Sophie, I, quick reason), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson:3 # text = Saying no is easy to learn: Sophie, dared to lie in the road, grins «Nah, not for me, I'm off for chips, who's coming?», a quick no, a reason, and walking away, and often others follow; and if a friend plans something deadly, telling an adult is not snitching, it can save a life. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Saying say VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 csubj _ _ 2 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 1 obj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 easy easy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 csubj _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 8 Sophie Sophie PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 dared dare VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 lie lie VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 road road NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 grins grin VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=10:conj 18 « « PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 19 Nah Nah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 23 advmod _ _ 22 for for ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 26 'm be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 27 off off ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 chips chip NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 32 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 coming come VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 parataxis _ _ 34 ? ? PUNCT . _ 33 punct _ _ 35 » » PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 38 quick quick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 39 no no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 42 discourse _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=42:punct 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 walking walk VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 42 acl _ _ 46 away away ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 49 often often ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 50 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 nsubj _ _ 51 follow follow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 parataxis _ _ 52 ; ; PUNCT , _ 70 punct _ _ 53 and and CCONJ CC _ 70 cc _ _ 54 if if SCONJ IN _ 57 mark _ _ 55 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nsubj _ _ 57 plans plan VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 70 advcl _ _ 58 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 57 obj _ _ 59 deadly deadly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 58 amod _ _ 60 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 61 telling tell VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 66 csubj _ _ 62 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 adult adult NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=66:nsubj 64 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 66 aux _ _ 65 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 66 advmod _ _ 66 snitching snitch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 70 parataxis _ _ 67 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 68 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 70 nsubj _ _ 69 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 70 aux _ _ 70 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 71 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 72 det _ _ 72 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 obj _ _ 73 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | gerund | | no | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent no=Topic | | 2 | **is** | present | Saying | | | | | easy *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **learn** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **dare** | past | Sophie | | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **lie** | to-infinitive | Sophie *not said here* | | | the road | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in road=Location | | 6 | **grin** | present | Saying *not said here* | Nah | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I | | | | | off chips | tree rules | | 8 | **come** *in a quote* | present · progressive | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **walk away** | gerund | a quick reason *not said here* | | | | | away *property* | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **follow** | present | others | | | | | often *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 11 | **plan** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a friend | something | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic | | 12 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | a adult | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 13 | **not** **snitch** *speech: other* | present · progressive | telling | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 14 | **save** | can | friend | a life | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, rai…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/2/) - next →: [Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, rai…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/)