--- title: Tombstoning means jumping from piers, cliffs or bridges into water;… — Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and… · tree and pragmatics description: Tombstoning means jumping from piers, cliffs or bridges into water; tides change the depth, and hidden rocks or rubbish lie under the surface. Who acts: Tombstoning, tides, hidden rocks. A sentence of the lesson «Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no» of the medicine course of Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/) / [Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, rai…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/) / 5 # Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no, sentence 5 Tombstoning means jumping from piers, cliffs or bridges into water; tides change the depth, and hidden rocks or rubbish lie under the surface. **Who acts:** Tombstoning, tides, hidden rocks · **What happens:** mean, jump, change, lie · **To what, where:** piers, depth, surface · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tombstoning, tides, hidden rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:medicine:075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson:5 # text = Tombstoning means jumping from piers, cliffs or bridges into water; tides change the depth, and hidden rocks or rubbish lie under the surface. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = medicine # lesson = 075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Tombstoning Tombstoning NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 jumping jump VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 ccomp _ _ 4 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 piers pier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 cliffs cliff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 8 or or CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 bridges bridge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 10 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 tides tide NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 depth depth NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=14:punct 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 19 hidden hidden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 rocks rock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 21 or or CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=20:cc 22 rubbish rubbish NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 23 lie lie VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 24 under under ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Tombstoning | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **jump** | gerund | | | | piers and cliffs or bridges | | into water *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into water=Result | | 3 | **change** | present | tides | the depth | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent depth=Patient | | 4 | **lie** | present | hidden rocks or rubbish | | | the surface | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under surface=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, rai…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/4/) - next →: [Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, rai…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/)