---
title: Cliff edges crumble, especially after rain, and can be hollow undern… — Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Cliff edges crumble, especially after rain, and can be hollow underneath, so you keep well back, even for photos. Who acts: Cliff edges, you. A sentence of the lesson «Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree 
---

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# Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no, sentence 7

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Cliff edges crumble, especially after rain, and can be hollow underneath, so you keep well back, even for photos.

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**Who acts:** Cliff edges, you · **What happens:** crumble, be, keep

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cliff edges, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:medicine:075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson:7
# text = Cliff edges crumble, especially after rain, and can be hollow underneath, so you keep well back, even for photos.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = medicine
# lesson = 075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crumble	crumble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
12	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	underneath	underneath	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
19	back	back	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumble** | present | Cliff edges |  |  |  | after rain |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | can | Cliff edges *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hollow, underneath *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | present | you |  |  |  |  | for photos | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:medicine:075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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