--- title: A dare is a challenge to do something, often something risky or wron… — Taking without paying: the consequences · tree and pragmatics description: A dare is a challenge to do something, often something risky or wrong; saying no to a bad dare takes courage. Who acts: dare, saying. A sentence of the lesson «Taking without paying: the consequences» of the money course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Taking without paying: the consequences](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences/) / 14 # Taking without paying: the consequences, sentence 14 A dare is a challenge to do something, often something risky or wrong; saying no to a bad dare takes courage. **Who acts:** dare, saying · **What happens:** be, do, say, take · **To what, where:** challenge, something, no, bad dare, courage · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Taking without paying: the consequences» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dare, saying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:015-taking-without-paying-the-consequences.lesson:14 # text = A dare is a challenge to do something, often something risky or wrong; saying no to a bad dare takes courage. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 015-taking-without-paying-the-consequences.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 dare dare NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 challenge challenge NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 acl _ _ 8 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 7 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 often often ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 11 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 12 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 risky risky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 conj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 csubj _ _ 17 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 16 obj _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:case|HaikuPos=ADP:TO:_ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 dare dare NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 22 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 23 courage courage NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a dare | a challenge | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | | something | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality | | 3 | **be** | | a dare *not said here* | something | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | | no | a bad dare | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent no=Topic to dare=Recipient | | 5 | **take** | present | saying | courage | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:015-taking-without-paying-the-consequences.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Taking without paying: the consequences, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences/13/) - next →: [Taking without paying: the consequences, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences/)