--- title: A bill is a letter or message asking a family to pay for something i… — Bills: rent, mortgage, energy, water, phone, cou… · tree and pragmatics description: A bill is a letter or message asking a family to pay for something it uses: electricity and gas for light and heat, water from the tap, the phone, and the home itself. Who acts: bill, letter, family. A sentence of the lesson «Bills: rent, mortgage, energy, water, phone, council tax» of the money cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/21-bills-rent-mortgage-energy-water-council-tax/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Bills: rent, mortgage, energy, water,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/21-bills-rent-mortgage-energy-water-council-tax/) / 0 # Bills: rent, mortgage, energy, water, phone, council tax, sentence 0 A bill is a letter or message asking a family to pay for something it uses: electricity and gas for light and heat, water from the tap, the phone, and the home itself. **Who acts:** bill, letter, family · **What happens:** be, ask, pay, use · **To what, where:** letter, family This is a sentence of the lesson «Bills: rent, mortgage, energy, water, phone, council tax» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bill, letter, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:021-bills-rent-mortgage-energy-water-council-tax.lesson:0 # text = A bill is a letter or message asking a family to pay for something it uses: electricity and gas for light and heat, water from the tap, the phone, and the home itself. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 021-bills-rent-mortgage-energy-water-council-tax.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 bill bill NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 message message NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 asking ask VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 acl _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 pay pay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 12 obl _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 18 electricity electricity NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 tap tap NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 phone phone NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ _ 37 itself itself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes 36 nmod:unmarked _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a bill | a letter or message and the phone and the home bill | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | a letter or message and the phone and the home bill *not said here* | a family | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent family=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **pay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a family *not said here* | | | | | for something | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for something=Theme | | 4 | **use** | present | bill | | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:021-bills-rent-mortgage-energy-water-council-tax.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Wages, salary and where family money c…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/20-wages-salary-and-where-family-money-comes-from/16/) - next →: [Bills: rent, mortgage, energy, water,…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/21-bills-rent-mortgage-energy-water-council-tax/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/21-bills-rent-mortgage-energy-water-council-tax/)