--- title: To borrow is to take money now and promise to give it back later; th… — Debt, loans, credit cards and interest · tree and pragmatics description: To borrow is to take money now and promise to give it back later; the money you still owe is called debt. Who acts: you. A sentence of the lesson «Debt, loans, credit cards and interest» of the money course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Debt, loans, credit cards and interest](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest/) / 0 # Debt, loans, credit cards and interest, sentence 0 To borrow is to take money now and promise to give it back later; the money you still owe is called debt. **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** borrow, be, take, promise, give back, owe · **To what, where:** money · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Debt, loans, credit cards and interest» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:024-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest.lesson:0 # text = To borrow is to take money now and promise to give it back later; the money you still owe is called debt. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 024-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 borrow borrow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 csubj _ _ 3 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 7 now now ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 promise promise VERB VB _ 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 back back ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advmod 14 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 11 advmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 19 still still ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 owe owe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 23 debt debt NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 xcomp _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 23 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **borrow** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **be** | present | | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **take** | to-infinitive | | money | | | now | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme | | 4 | **promise** *speech: promise* | infinitive | | | | | | | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **give back** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | money | | | | late *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 6 | **owe** | present | you | the money *not said here* | | | still | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent money=Theme | | 7 | **call** | present · passive | | the money | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:024-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [When money is tight: "we can't afford…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/23-when-money-is-tight/17/) - next →: [Debt, loans, credit cards and interest, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest/)