--- title: When the news says inflation is 3%, it means things cost about 3p mo… — Inflation explained with a chocolate bar · tree and pragmatics description: When the news says inflation is 3%, it means things cost about 3p more for every pound than a year ago, on average; some prices jump more, some less, and a few, like TVs, even fall. Who acts: news, it, things, prices. A sentence of the lesson «Inflation explained with a chocolate bar» of the money c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Inflation explained with a chocolate bar](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar/) / 2 # Inflation explained with a chocolate bar, sentence 2 When the news says inflation is 3%, it means things cost about 3p more for every pound than a year ago, on average; some prices jump more, some less, and a few, like TVs, even fall. **Who acts:** news, it, things, prices · **What happens:** say, mean, cost, jump, fall · **To what, where:** more · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Inflation explained with a chocolate bar» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (news, it, things, prices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:034-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar.lesson:2 # text = When the news says inflation is 3%, it means things cost about 3p more for every pound than a year ago, on average; some prices jump more, some less, and a few, like TVs, even fall. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 034-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 4 mark _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 news news NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 5 inflation inflation NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 4 ccomp _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 cost cost VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 ccomp _ _ 14 about about ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 15 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:nmod 16 p p NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl:unmarked _ _ 17 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 13 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:advmod 18 for for ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 20 det _ _ 20 pound pound NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 than than SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl:unmarked _ _ 24 ago ago ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 average average NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 29 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 30 det _ _ 30 prices price NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 jump jump VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj 32 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 35 advcl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 34 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 35 nsubj _ _ 35 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 31 advcl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 ccomp _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 like like ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 TVs tv NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 even even ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 45 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 39 conj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the news | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mean** | present | it | | | | | ago *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **cost** | present | things | more | | | | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value | | 4 | **jump** | present | some prices | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **fall** | infinitive | the news *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:034-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Inflation explained with a chocolate bar, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar/1/) - next →: [Inflation explained with a chocolate bar, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar/)