--- title: Trade is buying and selling between countries; an import is somethin… — Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries · tree and pragmatics description: Trade is buying and selling between countries; an import is something bought from abroad, and an export is something sold abroad. Who acts: Trade, import, export. A sentence of the lesson «Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries» of the money course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/) / 5 # Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries, sentence 5 Trade is buying and selling between countries; an import is something bought from abroad, and an export is something sold abroad. **Who acts:** Trade, import, export · **What happens:** buy, sell, be · **To what, where:** something This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trade, import, export), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:037-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries.lesson:5 # text = Trade is buying and selling between countries; an import is something bought from abroad, and an export is something sold abroad. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 037-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2 1 Trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 buying buy VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 5 selling sell VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 6 between between ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 9 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 import import NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 12 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 3 parataxis _ _ 13 bought buy VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 14 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 abroad abroad ADV RB _ 13 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=12:cc 18 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 export export NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 12 conj _ _ 22 sold sell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 acl _ _ 23 abroad abroad ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **buy** | present · progressive | Trade | | | | | | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **sell** | gerund | Trade *not said here* | | | | | between countries | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** | present | a import | something | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **buy** | participle | | | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from abroad=Source | | 5 | **is a** | present | a export | something | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **sell** | participle | | | | | | abroad *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:037-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/4/) - next →: [Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/)