---
title: Barter means swapping goods or help without using money. — Swaps and barter in the playground · tree and pragmatics
description: Barter means swapping goods or help without using money. Who acts: Barter. A sentence of the lesson «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Swaps and barter in the playground, sentence 4

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Barter means swapping goods or help without using money.

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**Who acts:** Barter · **What happens:** mean, swap, use · **To what, where:** goods, money

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Barter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:money:004-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground.lesson:4
# text = Barter means swapping goods or help without using money.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = money
# lesson = 004-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Barter	Barter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	swapping	swap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:ccomp
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Barter |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **swap** *not said to happen* | gerund | Barter *not said here* | goods or help |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | gerund | Barter *not said here* | money |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:004-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Swaps and barter in the playground, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/3/)
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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/)