--- title: Long ago people used things that were hard to find and that everyone… — Money's history: shells, coins, paper, cards, ph… · tree and pragmatics description: Long ago people used things that were hard to find and that everyone agreed on, like cowrie shells, salt, cattle and beads; today a bucket of beach shells buys nothing, because nobody agrees to use shells as money any more. Who acts: people, things, everyone, today bucket. A sentence of the lesson « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Money's history: shells, coins, paper,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/) / 1 # Money's history: shells, coins, paper, cards, phones, sentence 1 Long ago people used things that were hard to find and that everyone agreed on, like cowrie shells, salt, cattle and beads; today a bucket of beach shells buys nothing, because nobody agrees to use shells as money any more. **Who acts:** people, things, everyone, today bucket, nobody · **What happens:** use, be, find, agree, buy · **To what, where:** things, nothing, shells This is a sentence of the lesson «Money's history: shells, coins, paper, cards, phones» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, things, everyone, today bucket), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:005-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones.lesson:1 # text = Long ago people used things that were hard to find and that everyone agreed on, like cowrie shells, salt, cattle and beads; today a bucket of beach shells buys nothing, because nobody agrees to use shells as money any more. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 005-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 2 advmod _ _ 2 ago ago ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 14 nsubj _ _ 14 agreed agree VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 15 on on ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 like like ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 cowrie cowrie NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:appos 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:appos|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 beads bead NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 bucket bucket NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 beach beach NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 33 buys buy VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 34 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 33 obj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 because because SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 37 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 38 nsubj _ _ 38 agrees agree VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 39 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 40 use use VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 xcomp _ _ 41 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obj _ _ 42 as as ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ _ 44 any any ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=45:det|HaikuPos=DET:DT:PronType=Ind 45 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 40 advmod _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | past | people | things | | | | ago *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient | | 2 | **is** | past | things | | | | | hard *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **find** | to-infinitive | things *not said here* | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | everyone | | | | | like cowrie shells and salt and cattle and beads | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **buy** | present | a today bucket of beach shells | nothing | | | | | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme | | 6 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | nobody | | | | | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **use** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | nobody *not said here* | shells | | | | as money | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent shell=Duration as money=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:005-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Money's history: shells, coins, paper,…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/0/) - next →: [Money's history: shells, coins, paper,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/)