--- title: About 2,600 years ago the first coins were made in Lydia, in what is… — Money's history: shells, coins, paper, cards, ph… · tree and pragmatics description: About 2,600 years ago the first coins were made in Lydia, in what is now Turkey, and over 1,000 years ago China began using paper money, because a light note was easier to carry than a heavy pile of coins. Who acts: China, light note. A sentence of the lesson «Money's history: shells, coins, paper, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Money's history: shells, coins, paper,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/) / 2 # Money's history: shells, coins, paper, cards, phones, sentence 2 About 2,600 years ago the first coins were made in Lydia, in what is now Turkey, and over 1,000 years ago China began using paper money, because a light note was easier to carry than a heavy pile of coins. **Who acts:** China, light note · **What happens:** make, be, begin, use, carry · **To what, where:** first coins, Lydia, Turkey, paper money This is a sentence of the lesson «Money's history: shells, coins, paper, cards, phones» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (China, light note), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:005-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones.lesson:2 # text = About 2,600 years ago the first coins were made in Lydia, in what is now Turkey, and over 1,000 years ago China began using paper money, because a light note was easier to carry than a heavy pile of coins. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 005-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 About about ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 2,600 2,600 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:unmarked _ _ 4 ago ago ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 7 amod _ _ 7 coins coin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Lydia Lydia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 9 parataxis _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 17 advmod _ _ 17 Turkey Turkey PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 acl:relcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:nsubj 18 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 20 over over ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 1,000 1000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 22 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl:unmarked _ _ 23 ago ago ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 26 using use VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 25 xcomp _ _ 27 paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 30 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 note note NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 35 easier easy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 9 advcl _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 37 mark _ _ 37 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 xcomp _ _ 38 than than ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 pile pile NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 coins coin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nmod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past · passive | | the first coins | | Lydia | | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **is a** | present | | Turkey | | | now | | tree rules | | 3 | **begin** | past | China | | | | | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 4 | **use** | gerund | China *not said here* | paper money | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient | | 5 | **is** | past | a light note | | | | | easy *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **carry** | to-infinitive | a light note *not said here* | | | | | than a heavy pile of coins | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:005-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Money's history: shells, coins, paper,…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/1/) - next →: [Money's history: shells, coins, paper,…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/5-money-s-history-shells-coins-paper-cards-phones/)