--- title: Borrowing means taking money you must pay back; money you owe is cal… — Saving up for a game · tree and pragmatics description: Borrowing means taking money you must pay back; money you owe is called a debt. Who acts: you. A sentence of the lesson «Saving up for a game» of the money course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/8-saving-up-for-a-game/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/) / [Saving up for a game](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/8-saving-up-for-a-game/) / 7 # Saving up for a game, sentence 7 Borrowing means taking money you must pay back; money you owe is called a debt. **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** borrow, mean, take, pay back, owe, call · **To what, where:** money · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Saving up for a game» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:money:008-saving-up-for-a-game.lesson:7 # text = Borrowing means taking money you must pay back; money you owe is called a debt. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = money # lesson = 008-saving-up-for-a-game.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Borrowing borrow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 nsubj _ _ 2 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 taking take VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:obj 4 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 pay pay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 acl:relcl _ _ 8 back back ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 10 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 owe owe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 debt debt NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:obj 17 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **borrow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **take** *not said to happen* | gerund | | money | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme | | 4 | **pay back** | must | you | money *not said here* | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset | | 5 | **owe** | present | you | money *not said here* | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent money=Theme | | 6 | **call** | present · passive | | money | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:money:008-saving-up-for-a-game.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Saving up for a game, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/8-saving-up-for-a-game/5/) - next →: [Saving up for a game, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/8-saving-up-for-a-game/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/8-saving-up-for-a-game/)