---
title: A duck's quack does echo; it is just quiet and hard to hear, and sci… — Birds and baby animals · tree and pragmatics
description: A duck's quack does echo; it is just quiet and hard to hear, and scientists tested it in an echo chamber at the University of Salford. Who acts: quack, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Birds and baby animals» of the myths course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Birds and baby animals, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A duck's quack does echo; it is just quiet and hard to hear, and scientists tested it in an echo chamber at the University of Salford.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** quack, scientists · **What happens:** echo, be, hear, test · **To what, where:** quack, echo chamber

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds and baby animals» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (quack, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:myths:010-birds-and-baby-animals.lesson:12
# text = A duck's quack does echo; it is just quiet and hard to hear, and scientists tested it in an echo chamber at the University of Salford.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = myths
# lesson = 010-birds-and-baby-animals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	duck	duck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	quack	quack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	echo	echo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	just	just	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:xcomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	chamber	chamber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	University	University	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Salford	Salford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **echo** | present · do-support | a duck's quack |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | quack |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | quack *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **hear** | to-infinitive | quack *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **test** | past | scientists | quack |  | a echo chamber at the University of Salford |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:010-birds-and-baby-animals.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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