---
title: Stars twinkle because their light is bent by moving air in our atmos… — The Moon, the planets and the stars · tree and pragmatics
description: Stars twinkle because their light is bent by moving air in our atmosphere; seen from space, they don't twinkle. Who acts: Stars. A sentence of the lesson «The Moon, the planets and the stars» of the myths course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Moon, the planets and the stars, sentence 13

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Stars twinkle because their light is bent by moving air in our atmosphere; seen from space, they don't twinkle.

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**Who acts:** Stars · **What happens:** twinkle, bend, move, see, not twinkle, light · **To what, where:** light, air, atmosphere, space

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Moon, the planets and the stars» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:myths:014-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars.lesson:13
# text = Stars twinkle because their light is bent by moving air in our atmosphere; seen from space, they don't twinkle.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = myths
# lesson = 014-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	twinkle	twinkle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:advcl
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	twinkle	twinkle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **twinkle** | present | Stars |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bend** | present · passive |  | stars's light |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: subject=Material |
| 3 | **move** | gerund |  | air |  | our atmosphere |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | participle | stars *= star* *not said here* |  |  | space |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **not** **twinkle** | present · do-support | stars *= star* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **light** |  | stars *= star* |  |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:014-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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