---
title: The Moon looks bigger near the horizon, but a photo or a coin at arm… — The Moon, the planets and the stars · tree and pragmatics
description: The Moon looks bigger near the horizon, but a photo or a coin at arm's length shows it's the same size; scientists still debate exactly why our brains see it so. Who acts: Moon, photo, scientists, brains. A sentence of the lesson «The Moon, the planets and the stars» of the myths course of Mova's pr
---

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# The Moon, the planets and the stars, sentence 14

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The Moon looks bigger near the horizon, but a photo or a coin at arm's length shows it's the same size; scientists still debate exactly why our brains see it so.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Moon, photo, scientists, brains · **What happens:** look, show, be, debate, see · **To what, where:** same size, Moon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Moon, the planets and the stars» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moon, photo, scientists, brains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:myths:014-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars.lesson:14
# text = The Moon looks bigger near the horizon, but a photo or a coin at arm's length shows it's the same size; scientists still debate exactly why our brains see it so.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = myths
# lesson = 014-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
21	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	ccomp	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
27	still	still	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	debate	debate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
29	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:advmod
30	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	33	advmod	_	_
31	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	brains	brain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	ccomp	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	so	so	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | the Moon |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **show** | present | a photo or a coin at arm's length |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Moon | the same size |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **debate** | present | scientists |  |  |  | still |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **see** | infinitive | our brains | Moon |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:014-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [The Moon, the planets and the stars, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/14-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars/13/)
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