---
title: Weather sayings are old and many sound wise: too cold to snow, red s… — Weather, lightning and storms · tree and pragmatics
description: Weather sayings are old and many sound wise: too cold to snow, red sky at night, a wet September means a hard winter. Who acts: Weather sayings, many, wet September. A sentence of the lesson «Weather, lightning and storms» of the myths course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Weather, lightning and storms, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Weather sayings are old and many sound wise: too cold to snow, red sky at night, a wet September means a hard winter.

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**Who acts:** Weather sayings, many, wet September · **What happens:** be, sound, mean

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, lightning and storms» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Weather sayings, many, wet September), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:myths:015-weather-lightning-and-storms.lesson:1
# text = Weather sayings are old and many sound wise: too cold to snow, red sky at night, a wet September means a hard winter.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = myths
# lesson = 015-weather-lightning-and-storms.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3
1	Weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	sayings	saying	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sound	sound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:mark|HaikuPos=PART:TO:_
13	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:xcomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	September	September	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Weather sayings |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | many |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **mean** | present | a wet September |  |  |  | winter |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:015-weather-lightning-and-storms.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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