--- title: Winter is colder because the Earth's tilt makes sunlight come in low… — Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts · tree and pragmatics description: Winter is colder because the Earth's tilt makes sunlight come in low and spread out and the days short; the Earth is nearest the Sun in early January. Who acts: Winter, tilt, sunlight, Earth. A sentence of the lesson «Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts» of the myths course of Mova's primary scho --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/17-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/) / [Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/17-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts/) / 9 # Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts, sentence 9 Winter is colder because the Earth's tilt makes sunlight come in low and spread out and the days short; the Earth is nearest the Sun in early January. **Who acts:** Winter, tilt, sunlight, Earth · **What happens:** be, make, come in, spread out, tilt · **To what, where:** sunlight This is a sentence of the lesson «Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter, tilt, sunlight, Earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:myths:017-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts.lesson:9 # text = Winter is colder because the Earth's tilt makes sunlight come in low and spread out and the days short; the Earth is nearest the Sun in early January. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = myths # lesson = 017-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Winter Winter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 colder cold ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 4 because because SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 's 's PART POS _ 6 case _ _ 8 tilt tilt NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 10 sunlight sunlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 12 in in ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 13 low low ADV RB Degree=Pos 11 advmod _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 spread spread VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 16 out out ADP RP _ 15 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 conj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 nearest near ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 parataxis _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 January January PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Winter | | | | | cold *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **make** | present | the Earth's tilt | sunlight | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **come in** | infinitive | sunlight *not said here* | | | | | low *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **spread out** | infinitive | sunlight *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | the Earth | | | | january | the Sun *obl*; near *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **tilt** | | the Earth | | | | | | nom tilt «event intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:017-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/17-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts/8/) - next →: [Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/17-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/17-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts/)