--- title: Educated people in the Middle Ages knew the Earth was round; it was… — Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics description: Educated people in the Middle Ages knew the Earth was round; it was taught in universities and books, and kings held a round orb for the world. Who acts: Educated people, Earth, kings. A sentence of the lesson «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/) / [Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/) / 14 # Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages, sentence 14 Educated people in the Middle Ages knew the Earth was round; it was taught in universities and books, and kings held a round orb for the world. **Who acts:** Educated people, Earth, kings · **What happens:** educated, know, be, teach, hold · **To what, where:** Earth, universities, round orb · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Educated people, Earth, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:myths:018-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages.lesson:14 # text = Educated people in the Middle Ages knew the Earth was round; it was taught in universities and books, and kings held a round orb for the world. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = myths # lesson = 018-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Educated educated VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 2 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 Middle Middle ADJ NNP Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 Ages Age PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 7 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 10 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 round round ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 ccomp _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj:pass _ _ 14 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _ 15 taught teach VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 parataxis _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 universities university NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=17:cc 19 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=15:cc 22 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 held hold VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 round round ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 orb orb NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **educated** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **know** | past | Educated people in the Middle Ages | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **is** | past | the Earth | | | | | round *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **teach** *speech: other* | past · passive | | Earth | | universities and books | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 5 | **hold** | past | kings | a round orb | | | | for the world | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent orb=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:018-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/13/) - next →: [Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/)