--- title: "Dark Ages" was a name used by later writers, mostly because fewer w… — Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics description: "Dark Ages" was a name used by later writers, mostly because fewer written records survive; it was a time of art and learning, like the Lindisfarne Gospels and the Sutton Hoo treasures. Who acts: Dark, fewer written records, name. A sentence of the lesson «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/) / [Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/) / 19 # Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages, sentence 19 "Dark Ages" was a name used by later writers, mostly because fewer written records survive; it was a time of art and learning, like the Lindisfarne Gospels and the Sutton Hoo treasures. **Who acts:** Dark, fewer written records, name · **What happens:** be, use, write, survive · **To what, where:** name, time This is a sentence of the lesson «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dark, fewer written records, name), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:myths:018-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages.lesson:19 # text = "Dark Ages" was a name used by later writers, mostly because fewer written records survive; it was a time of art and learning, like the Lindisfarne Gospels and the Sutton Hoo treasures. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = myths # lesson = 018-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Dark Dark PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 Ages Age PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 flat _ _ 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct 5 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 by by ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 later late ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 11 writers writer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl:agent _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 15 fewer few ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 amod _ _ 16 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 amod _ _ 17 records record NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 survive survive VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 art art NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 learning learning NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 like like ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 Lindisfarne Lindisfarne PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 Gospels gospel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 35 Sutton Sutton PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 36 Hoo hoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 treasures treasure NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 conj _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Dark | a name | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **use** | participle | | a name *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **write** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **survive** | present | fewer written records | | | | | mostly *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | past | name | a time | | | | of art and learning | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:018-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/18/) - next →: [Kings, queens and emperors, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/19-kings-queens-and-emperors/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/)