--- title: Queen Victoria looks stern in photographs partly because people were… — Kings, queens and emperors · tree and pragmatics description: Queen Victoria looks stern in photographs partly because people were expected to look serious in photos then; her diaries and letters show she laughed and enjoyed jokes, and a photo of her smiling exists. Who acts: Queen, people, diaries, photo. A sentence of the lesson «Kings, queens and emperors» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/19-kings-queens-and-emperors/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/) / [Kings, queens and emperors](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/19-kings-queens-and-emperors/) / 16 # Kings, queens and emperors, sentence 16 Queen Victoria looks stern in photographs partly because people were expected to look serious in photos then; her diaries and letters show she laughed and enjoyed jokes, and a photo of her smiling exists. **Who acts:** Queen, people, diaries, photo · **What happens:** look, expect, show, laugh, enjoy, exist · **To what, where:** people, jokes · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Kings, queens and emperors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Queen, people, diaries, photo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:myths:019-kings-queens-and-emperors.lesson:16 # text = Queen Victoria looks stern in photographs partly because people were expected to look serious in photos then; her diaries and letters show she laughed and enjoyed jokes, and a photo of her smiling exists. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = myths # lesson = 019-kings-queens-and-emperors.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Queen Queen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 Victoria Victoria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 stern stern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 photographs photograph NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 partly partly ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 because because SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 9 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 expected expect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 14 serious serious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 photos photo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 17 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 23 advmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 diaries diary NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 23 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 advcl _ _ 24 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 laughed laugh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 ccomp _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 enjoyed enjoy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 28 jokes joke NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 photo photo NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 smiling smiling NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 exists exist VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | present | Queen | | | | | in photographs; stern *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in photograph=Theme | | 2 | **expect** | past · passive | | people | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **look** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | | | | | in photos; serious *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in photo=Theme | | 4 | **show** | present | queen's diaries and letters | | | | then | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **laugh** | past | queen | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **enjoy** | past | queen *not said here* | jokes | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer joke=Stimulus | | 7 | **exist** | present | a photo of queen's smiling | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **smile** | | queen | | | | | | nom smiling «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:019-kings-queens-and-emperors.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Kings, queens and emperors, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/19-kings-queens-and-emperors/15/) - next →: [Kings, queens and emperors, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/19-kings-queens-and-emperors/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/19-kings-queens-and-emperors/)