--- title: Antibiotics kill bacteria, not viruses, so they do not help a cold;… — Colds, coughs and the weather · tree and pragmatics description: Antibiotics kill bacteria, not viruses, so they do not help a cold; taking them when not needed helps germs become resistant to them. Who acts: Antibiotics. A sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/) / [Colds, coughs and the weather](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/) / 13 # Colds, coughs and the weather, sentence 13 Antibiotics kill bacteria, not viruses, so they do not help a cold; taking them when not needed helps germs become resistant to them. **Who acts:** Antibiotics · **What happens:** kill, not help, take, not need, help, become · **To what, where:** bacteria, cold, Antibiotics, germs This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antibiotics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:13 # text = Antibiotics kill bacteria, not viruses, so they do not help a cold; taking them when not needed helps germs become resistant to them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = myths # lesson = 004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 kill kill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 bacteria bacteria NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 8 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 9 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 10 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:obj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 17 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 21 advmod _ _ 19 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 20 advmod _ _ 20 needed need VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:advcl 21 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 22 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 become become VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 amod _ _ 24 resistant resistant NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 to to ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:nmod 27 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **kill** | present | Antibiotics | bacteria and viruses | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme | | 2 | **not** **help** | present · do-support | Antibiotics *= antibiotic* | a cold | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Beneficiary | | 3 | **take** | gerund | Antibiotics *= antibiotic* *not said here* | Antibiotics *= antibiotic* | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 4 | **not** **need** | participle | Antibiotics *= antibiotic* *not said here* | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 5 | **help** | present | Antibiotics *= antibiotic* *not said here* | germs and become resistant | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Beneficiary | | 6 | **become** | participle | | | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Colds, coughs and the weather, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/12/) - next →: [Colds, coughs and the weather, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/)