--- title: Winter helps the viruses because we all crowd indoors with the windo… — Colds, coughs and the weather · tree and pragmatics description: Winter helps the viruses because we all crowd indoors with the windows shut, and some cold viruses last longer in cold, dry air; being chilly on your own, with nobody's germs about, does not give you a cold. Who acts: Winter, we, cold viruses. A sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/) / [Colds, coughs and the weather](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/) / 3 # Colds, coughs and the weather, sentence 3 Winter helps the viruses because we all crowd indoors with the windows shut, and some cold viruses last longer in cold, dry air; being chilly on your own, with nobody's germs about, does not give you a cold. **Who acts:** Winter, we, cold viruses · **What happens:** help, crowd, last, be, not give · **To what, where:** viruses, cold dry air, cold, you This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter, we, cold viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:3 # text = Winter helps the viruses because we all crowd indoors with the windows shut, and some cold viruses last longer in cold, dry air; being chilly on your own, with nobody's germs about, does not give you a cold. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = myths # lesson = 004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Winter Winter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 because because SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 6 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:det 8 crowd crowd VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 9 indoors indoors ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 windows window NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 13 shut shut ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=8:cc 16 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 18 det _ _ 17 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 last last VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 20 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 19 advmod _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 22 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 24 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:obl 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 27 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 cop _ _ 28 chilly chilly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 csubj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 with with ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 's 's PART POS _ 34 case _ _ 36 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 37 about about ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 39 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 40 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 41 advmod _ _ 41 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 42 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 41 iobj _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=41:obj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 45 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **help** | present | Winter | the viruses | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent virus=Beneficiary | | 2 | **crowd** | present | we | | | | | with the windows; indoors *property* | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with window=Theme | | 3 | **last** | present | some cold viruses | | | cold dry air | | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is** | gerund | | | | | | with nobody's germs; own *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **not** **give** | present · do-support | Winter *not said here* | a cold | you | | | about *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient cold=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Colds, coughs and the weather, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/1/) - next →: [Colds, coughs and the weather, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/)