---
title: Colds are more common in winter mostly because people are indoors cl… — Colds, coughs and the weather · tree and pragmatics
description: Colds are more common in winter mostly because people are indoors close together, and some cold viruses survive better in cold, dry air. Who acts: Colds, people, cold viruses. A sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tr
---

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# Colds, coughs and the weather, sentence 8

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Colds are more common in winter mostly because people are indoors close together, and some cold viruses survive better in cold, dry air.

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**Who acts:** Colds, people, cold viruses · **What happens:** be, survive · **To what, where:** cold dry air

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Colds, people, cold viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:8
# text = Colds are more common in winter mostly because people are indoors close together, and some cold viruses survive better in cold, dry air.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = myths
# lesson = 004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	indoors	indoors	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
17	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	19	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Colds |  |  |  | winter | common *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | close, indoors, mostly, together *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **survive** | present | some cold viruses |  |  | cold dry air |  | well *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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